Mercedes-Benz road and racetrack engineers collaborated with Factorial cell developers to develop an entirely new solid-state battery test program, culminating in the first automobile on the road powered by a lithium-metal solid-state battery. Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains (HPP), a fully owned part of the Mercedes-Benz Group that specializes in industry-leading Formula One technology, collaborated with the Mercedes-Benz Center of Competence for Battery Systems to design and develop a completely new unique battery system. In addition to its racing skills, HPP can quickly convert F1 technologies and knowledge to high-performance automobile projects.
After extensive testing on several test benches, the prototype solid-state battery was installed in a Mercedes-Benz EQS Sedan by the end of 2024. The car was significantly modified to accommodate the solid-state battery and came with the necessary supplies to run it. The initial laboratory car testing were done in Stuttgart toward the end of 2024, in preparation for the road tests, which began in February 2025.
“Developing an automotive-scale solid-state battery underlines our commitment to innovation and sustainability. We’re therefore excited to announce that we’ve started road testing with a prototype vehicle equipped with this advanced technology. We will gain crucial insights into possible series integration of this cutting-edge battery technology.” said Markus Schäfer, Member of the Board of Management of Mercedes‑Benz Group AG. Chief Technology Officer, Development & Procurement
Solid-state batteries are a potential technology for electric transportation. The use of a solid electrolyte rather than a liquid improves cell safety and enables for the use of novel anodes such as lithium-metal, greatly outperforming traditional lithium-ion cells and allowing next-generation energy densities. Solid-state technology decreases battery weight and has the potential to enhance the gravimetric energy density of car batteries to 450 Wh/kg at the cell level, extending electric range. Gravimetric energy density refers to the amount of energy stored in a battery cell per unit mass and is vital for determining battery cell efficiency and performance, particularly in applications such as electric cars where weight is an important consideration.
“Being the first to successfully integrate lithium-metal solid-state batteries into a production vehicle platform marks a historic achievement in electric mobility. This breakthrough demonstrates that solid-state battery technology has moved beyond the laboratory and into real-world application, setting a new benchmark for the entire automotive industry. Our collaboration with Mercedes-Benz proves that the future of electric vehicles is not just a vision, but a reality we’re delivering today.” said Siyu Huang, CEO and Co-Founder of Factorial Energy.
The Mercedes-Benz Center of Competence for Battery Systems collaborated with HPP motorsport specialists to build a prototype solid-state battery using Factorial cells that can be installed into a car for road testing. Mercedes-Benz’s solid-state battery uses a unique floating cell carrier for which a patent has already been issued. When the battery charges, the materials expand; when it discharges, they contract. The volume change in solid-state cells refers to the expansion and contraction of the materials within the battery as it charges and discharges. To assist the cells during these volume fluctuations, the Mercedes-Benz solid-state battery is fitted with pneumatic actuators that interact with the cell volume change during charging and discharging, affecting battery performance and longevity.
The solid-state battery in the EQS-based test car provides up to 25% greater electric range than the same battery weight and size in a normal EQS battery. Passive battery cooling adds weight while also increasing energy efficiency. The development vehicle is intended to have a range of at least 621 miles.
Over the following six months, Mercedes-Benz will conduct rigorous laboratory and road testing on the solid-state battery, evaluating its overall performance in an electric car.
Mercedes-Benz partnered with Factorial in 2021 to create a new generation of battery technology. In the summer of 2024, Factorial supplied lithium-metal solid-state battery cells to Mercedes-Benz using the company’s unique FEST® (Factorial Electrolyte System Technology) solid-state platforms, marking the first shipping of lithium-metal solid-state battery B samples to a global OEM.
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