According to BMW, hydrogen is a crucial part of the future of mobility. This intriguing scientific journey began 45 years ago and is currently at a pivotal juncture. It is now possible for BMW to reflect on past innovations, present advancements, and future prospects.
A 1975-built BMW 520/4 was originally transformed into a test vehicle in 1979 by BMW and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). In terms of appearance, it was identical to its gasoline-powered counterparts; however, its four-cylinder engine consumed hydrogen rather than gasoline. This served as an early example of the technological viability of using hydrogen in a combustion engine.
More significantly, hydrogen may now be utilized locally without emitting any emissions and can now be used independently as an energy source. An innovative technique that eliminates emissions and requires no lengthy charging times is the hydrogen-electric drive, sometimes referred to as the fuel cell drive.
Similar to a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) also includes an electric drive, including the same electric motor. The energy storage is the primary distinction. Using a fuel cell, gaseous hydrogen is stored in tanks and transformed into electric current for the drive in place of electric current in the battery.
BMW’s groundbreaking accomplishment is the series manufacture of their hydrogen powertrain.
A technologically open attitude to tomorrow’s transportation is shown in the BMW Group’s commitment to hydrogen. a protracted voyage during which a great deal of experience was acquired. Over 1,000 papers, articles, and data about BMW and hydrogen may be found in the BMW archive. After over 40 years of study, BMW’s hydrogen journey has now reached a significant milestone: starting in 2028, the first BMW series car with a hydrogen powertrain will be available for purchase.
This indicates that BMW’s powertrain lineup will soon include five different models: electric, plug-in hybrid, gasoline, diesel, and hydrogen. This is a significant milestone that demonstrates how adaptable BMW is to new technology.
To commemorate the milestone, we look back at the key inventions, iconic cars, and noteworthy advancements from the BMW hydrogen adventure.
The first premium car in Europe to run on cryogenic liquid hydrogen was the BMW 7 Series in 1980. However, rather than using solar hydrogen technology, the hydrogen used in these vehicles is still made from natural gas or crude oil. The vehicle transports the liquid hydrogen at a temperature of minus 253 degrees Celsius. Ranges of about 300 kilometers are possible with a 93-liter tank. The tried-and-true gasoline engine powers the hydrogen-powered BMW 7 Series (also read: Technical marvels: 12 exceptional instances of a BMW engine). The German Aerospace Center and BMW are collaborating closely on the mixture formation, which is at the center of the development.
The first hydrogen 12-cylinder engine was unveiled by BMW at the 1989 International Motor Show Germany (IAA) in Frankfurt. This pilot series was initially driven on Berlin’s public roads on May 11, 2000. During Expo 2000, the cars were utilized for a variety of purposes, including the shuttle service. Following in 2001, the CleanEnergy World Tour made five stops throughout the globe.
Nine world records were set by the BMW H2R in 2004, including the first-ever high speed of over 300 km/h for a hydrogen-powered car. The BMW 760i’s twelve-cylinder engine, which was modified for hydrogen operation, served as the basis for its engine technology.
The BMW H2R was added to the BMW Group Classic car collection following the record-breaking runs. However, there must be one final highlight. In just five months, the BMW H2R was ready for action again for the 2023 Goodwood Festival of Speed. Numerous steps were taken by a group of hydrogen specialists to guarantee that the car was prepared to race in the renowned Goodwood hillclimb once more.
After decades of developing hydrogen as a driving technology at BMW, the BMW Hydrogen 7 has made the groundbreaking idea of sustainable transportation accessible for daily usage. The BMW 760Li serves as the vehicle’s model. The BMW 7 Series saloon is propelled by a twelve-cylinder, 191 kW/260 hp hydrogen combustion engine. By simply changing the operating mode, the BMW Hydrogen 7’s bivalent engine may also run on regular gasoline, provided that a broad supply of hydrogen is not assured.
BMW made two important, groundbreaking technological decisions based on the knowledge gathered from these initiatives, namely the BMW Hydrogen 7. To prevent “boil-off” effects, the worldwide gaseous 700 bar standard was used for hydrogen storage instead of cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The powertrain was changed from a hydrogen burner to a fuel cell drivetrain, which is more efficient, during the electrification process. This 700-bar pressure tank storage and fuel cell drive combination has undergone rigorous testing and is completely appropriate for daily usage.
The Toyota Motor Corporation provides the individual fuel cells to the BMW Group. As a result, the BMW hydrogen center developed and produced fuel cell systems. Since 2013, the two businesses have collaborated on fuel cell drives, and they can look back on many years of reliable collaboration.
In 2017, the Hydrogen Council was established as a global project, with BMW as one of its 13 founding members. In order to facilitate the shift to clean energy, it unites top businesses with a common vision and long-term goals for hydrogen. The council provides assistance to further develop the potential and function of hydrogen while keeping the energy transition in mind. It does this by using its worldwide influence to encourage collaboration between governments, industry, and investors.
Developed based on the existing BMW X5, the BMW iX5 Hydrogen was initially introduced as a concept idea at IAA 2019 in Munich. At IAA Mobility 2021, the initial prototypes served as passenger shuttles. Its potent hydrogen fuel cell technology is further evidence of the BMW Group’s superior development skills in electric propulsion technologies.
The BMW iX5 Hydrogen car and development project entered the next critical phase following four years of development work. The pilot fleet has traveled more than one million kilometers across more than 20 nations since it was deployed globally for demonstration and testing purposes at the beginning of 2023. When combined with a specially designed high-performance battery, the fuel cell technology gives BMW 400 horsepower.
To introduce a new generation of fuel cell powertrain technology to the market, the BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation are combining their technological prowess and inventive strength. Both businesses have expanded their partnership to advance this local zero-emission technology because they both want to see the hydrogen economy grow.
Based on the jointly developed next-generation powertrain technology, the BMW Group is now getting ready for the 2028 series production of vehicles with hydrogen drive systems, after the successful global testing of the BMW iX5 Hydrogen pilot fleet. The development of a refueling infrastructure for all mobility applications, including hydrogen-powered passenger cars, and the application of hydrogen in commercial vehicles are steps toward achieving the full potential of hydrogen mobility. The final component needed to finish the jigsaw of electric mobility is hydrogen.
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